Everything You Need to Know When an Employee Takes a Leave of Absence

Everything You Need to Know When an Employee Takes a Leave of Absence As a human resource professional, it is very important to know everything there is to know about employee leave of absence.Being conversant with the legal requirements when it comes to employee leave of absence will help you minimize the effect of employee absence on your business, while at the same time ensuring that employees have time to deal with personal and medical issues.This is especially important when you consider that absence by a single employee can cost a company up to $3,600 per year, according to a publication published by Circadian, a workforce solution company.Understanding everything that comes with employee leave of absence also makes it easier for human resource professionals to keep track of all the various types of leaves, as well as what is required of the company when an employee takes the leave of absence.It also helps protect the company from costly litigation that could arise in case an employee files a dispute for not having their leave of absence treated as it should.To help with this, we have put together a comprehensive guide that will teach you everything you need to know about employee leave of absence.WHAT IS LEAVE OF ABSENCE? A leave of absence is a period of time when an employee is permitted to be absent from work without losing the status of employee.Generally, employees ask for a leave of absence in order to deal with unusual or unexpected personal circumstances.The term leave of absence does not typically include other periods away from work that are covered under an employee’s existing benefits, such as sick leave, paid time off, and paid holidays and vacations.There are two types of employee leave of absence: mandatory and voluntary. Source: Federal Statistical OfficeMANDATORY LEAVE OF ABSENCEMandatory leaves of absence are leaves that are governed by federal and/or state laws.Under mandatory leaves of absence, it is mandatory for the employer to grant the leave of absence to an eligible employee under the circumstances stipulated in the laws governing the leave of absence.Mandatory leaves of absence are usually granted for medical reasons, though there are other circumstances that are also covered, such as military duty.It is important to note that the laws governing mandatory leave may or may not apply to your company, depending on the number of employees and where an employee is working.Below are the different types of mandatory leave of absence.Medical Leave of AbsenceThis is a leave of absence that is granted to employees to allow them to deal with medical/health related issues. Medical leaves of absence are usually covered by the Family and Medical Leave Act (FMLA) of 1993.Under the act, an employee is enti tled to up to 12 weeks of unpaid leave per year, during which the employer is expected to hold the employee’s job.FMLA leave may be granted for a number of family related and medical reasons, such as childbirth, caring for an infant within one year of birth, or adopting and providing a child with foster care within the first year, dealing with a health condition that makes it impossible for the employee to do their job, caring for a family member (child, parent, or spouse) with a critical health condition, and certain military reasons, such as caring for a service member.In order for an employee to be eligible for FMLA leave, they must:Work for an employer who is covered by the FMLA act.Have worked for the employer for 12 months or more.Have worked with that employer for at least 1250 hours within the preceding 12 months.Work at a location where the employer has 50 or more employees working within a 75 mile radius from the employee’s worksite.Is Your Company Required to Comply w ith the FMLA?Your company is required to comply with the FMLA if:It is a covered employer.It has eligible employees who qualify for FMLA leave.Covered EmployersAny private sector employer with 50 or more employees for at least 20 weeks in the current or preceding year is covered by the FMLA.The 50 or more employees includes employees employed under seasonal, temporary, or part-time contracts.Government and other public agencies, as well as schools are covered by the FMLA regardless of the number of employees they have.Eligible EmployeesIn order for an employee to be eligible to FMLA leave, they must work for an employer with 50 or more employees within a 75 mile radius from the employees work location, they should have worked for the employer for 12 months or more, and they should have worked for the employer for not less than 1250 hours during the 12 months preceding the FMLA leave.Employers are allowed to request for a medical certification from a doctor or other health profession al before granting FMLA leave.Employee Rights Under FMLAAn employee is allowed to take up to 12 weeks of unpaid medical leave within a 12 month period.Once the employee is back from their leave, they should be reinstated to their original job, or to a job position that is equivalent to their original job in terms of remuneration, employee benefits, and any other terms and conditions of their original job, such as seniority.The employee should also not lose any of their other benefits, such as group healthcare coverage, provided they continue making their monthly contributions to the group healthcare coverage.It should continue as though the employee never left. Employees who take leave for military family reasons are entitled to some additional benefits.It is good to note that employees are not entitled to receive a salary during an FMLA leave, since the leave is unpaid.However, if an employee has available paid sick off and they choose to use it, they will continue receiving their salary until their paid sick off is depleted.Some companies might also have a policy that requires the employee to use up their paid time off before progressing to unpaid leave.ADA LeaveEmployees can also take unpaid medical leave under the Americans With Disabilities (ADA) Act.Under this act, employees who have a physical or mental impairment that substantially limits one or more major life activities are entitled to several rights, including the right to an accommodation (a change in work facilities, policies, or nature of work) that makes it easier for them to do their work.Being granted a leave of absence is one such accommodation. Unlike the FMLA, the ADA leave does not have a defined period of time that an employee is permitted to be away from work.The amount of leave granted under the ADA Act will vary depending on the job as well as the nature of the disability.Employers are required to grant ADA leave as a form of reasonable accommodation, unless granting the leave would ca use undue hardship to the employer.There is no standard metric for determining undue hardship. Instead, it is evaluated based on several factors, including how much the accommodation (ADA leave) disrupts the employer’s job operations and the financial resources of the employer.Employees who have exhausted their FMLA leave may also extend their leave under the ADA act, since their medical condition might be taken as a disability that limits their ability to perform their duties. However, it is possible for an employee to be granted FMLA leave and denied ADA leave.If an employee exhausts their FMLA leave and decides to extend the leave under the ADA act, it is up to the employer to determine what extension is reasonable, provided the leave does not cause undue hardship on the employer.When an employer is unable to hold a position any longer for an employee who is on ADA leave, the Equal Employment Opportunity Commission (EEOC) suggests that the employer should consider reassigning t he employee to another vacant position, which the employee would assume once their leave is over.If no vacant position is available, it is the employer’s discretion to decide whether to let go of the employee or to place them in unprotected leave and give them whatever position is vacant once they are ready to come back to work.Military Family LeaveWhile military family leave falls under the FMLA, I mentioned that those who take leave for military family issues are entitled to some additional rights.Under the military family leave, service members and their families are guaranteed to types of leave:Military caregiver leave: Employees whose family member (parent, child, spouse, or next of kin) is a service member and is ill or has been injured are entitled to up to 26 weeks of unpaid leave to take care of their military family member.Qualifying exigency leave: Having a family member who is a service member deployed for duty in a foreign country brings with it a number of issues. Em ployees whose family member (parent, child, spouse, or next of kin) is in the military and has been deployed to a foreign country, or given a notice of deployment, are allowed to take a leave of absence to deal with these issues.Jury Duty LeaveUnder the Fair Labor Standards Act (FLSA), employers are not required to pay their employees for time they take off work in order to fulfill civic duty.The act, however, allows employees to fulfill their service on a federal jury without the risk of their employment being terminated.However, some states require the employer to pay a stipend to employees who are away from work as jurors.USERRA: Military Service LeaveMilitary service members who are part of a reserve component are allowed to hold civilian jobs until they are required to join active duty.Under the Uniformed Services Employment and Reemployment Rights Act (USERRA), such service members are entitled to an unpaid, protected leave of absence whenever they are called upon to join acti ve duty.Under the USERRA, such service members are permitted to be away from work for active military duty for up to five years without losing their status as an employee.State-Specific Leaves of AbsenceSome leaves of absence are only applicable in some states and not in others, governed by their specific state laws.Some examples of state-specific leaves of absence include:Victim Leave: This is a leave of absence that is meant to protect an employee’s job when the employee is required to attend judicial proceedings related to a crime committed against them. Many states offer victim leave.Voting Leave: Several states also have laws that require employers to grant voting leave to their employees on Election Day. This leave is usually unpaid, and the duration of the leave will vary from state to state.Other State Leaves: Different states have several other state leaves that apply to the specific states, such as Volunteer Civil Service Leave, Organ and Bone Marrow Donor Leave, School Appearance and Activities Leave, and so on.VOLUNTARY LEAVEVoluntary leave of absence is time away from work that is not protected by law. In other words, it is up to the employer to decide whether to grant the leave or not, and the employer is under no obligation to hold an employee’s position during a voluntary leave, though they may choose to do so.While voluntary leaves of absence are not required by law, most employers offer them as a courtesy to employees either as part of company policy, or as part of a collective bargaining agreement negotiated by a labor union.Employers usually offer voluntary leave for personal and medical reasons to employees who do not otherwise qualify for mandatory leaves or those who have exhausted all their time off.In most cases, employees are required to give at least 30 days’ notice when requesting for a voluntary leave for personal reasons.However, in cases where an employee becomes aware that they need time off in less than 30 days, they shou ld provide a notice as soon as reasonably practicable.An employer holds the discretion to deny personal leave requests that are not submitted according to company policy.Below are some of the most common types of voluntary leave:Parental LeaveWhile parental leave is usually covered under the FMLA, some companies grant their employees paid leave of absence to spend time caring for their newborn children.However, this is still not very common in the United States.According to data by the Bureau of Labor Statistics, only 15% of American workers were granted paid family leave in 2017.Vacation LeaveVacation leave is paid time away from work that is granted to an employee for the purpose of relaxation, rest, or to attend to personal affairs.Unlike most other leaves, vacation leave can be taken without condition, which means it is the discretion of the employee to decide when they want to take this leave and for what reason.This does not mean that an employee can wake up one day and decide that they want to take vacation leave. The employee is still required to request the vacation leave in accordance with company policy and with sufficient notice.However, there is no legal requirement that the employee is required to meet in order to be allowed to take vacation leave. It is the discretion of the employer to determine the length of vacation leave granted to each employee.Paid Sick LeavePaid sick leave refers to time away from work that an employer grants to employees to allow them to take care of their health and safety needs, without losing their pay for the days they spend away from home.Paid sick leave is usually provided voluntarily to employees as an employment benefit.According to a survey conducted by the Bureau of Labor Statistics in March 2018, 74% percent of all workers in the US and 85% of full-time workers in the US receive paid sick leave as part of their benefits package.The number of sick days accrued by employees will vary from employer to employer, b ased on company policies.Some employers base the amount of sick days on the employee’s position within the company and the number of years they have worked for the company, while others give an equal number of sick days to all employees.Some employers also allow employees to roll over their unused sick days from one year to the next, while others apply a “use it or lose it” policy.Sometimes, paid sick leave combined with vacation leave is broadly referred to as paid time off (PTO).Bereavement/Funeral LeaveThis is time off from work that is granted to an employee who has lost a family member, a relative, or a close friend.Bereavement leave is granted to allow the employee to deal with issues such as making arrangements for the funeral, attending the funeral, paying their last respects to the deceased, handling matters related to the deceased’s estate and will, and any other issues that the employee might be required to address following the death of a loved one.Since bereavem ent leave is voluntary, it is up to the employer to decide whether the employee will be paid during the leave or not, as well as the amount of time to grant the bereaved employee.However, most companies usually grant employees a bereavement leave of three days when the deceased is an immediate family member, and one day for relatives and friends.Holidays and Religious Observances LeaveSince companies will usually have employees from various racial, ethnic and religious backgrounds, companies should take care to give employees the freedom to observe their religious holidays, since denial of such freedoms might come across as religious discrimination.By denying employees time off to celebrate religious holidays, you could be putting your company at risk for a discrimination lawsuit.While there is no federal law that mandates employers to provide employees with time off for religious holidays, all companies with 15 or more employees are required to comply with the Title VII of the Civi l Rights Act of 1964.Among other things, this act states that employers may not apply differential treatment to employees because of their religious affiliations, and requires employers to make reasonable accommodations to employees for religious observances, provided the accommodation does not cause undue hardship on the employer.Giving employees time off to observe religious holidays is one such accommodation.However, the employer is under no obligation to pay the employee for time taken off work to observe religious holidays. It is the employer’s discretion to determine whether religious observances leave is paid or unpaid.DEALING WITH ABUSE OF LEAVE POLICIESSometimes, employees will take advantage of your leave policy to take time off from work for dubious reasons.For instance, if employees routinely call in sick on the day before or after a holiday, this could be a sign that they are probably not sick, and are only taking advantage of your leave policy to extend their holiday .Below are some tips that will help you reduce abuse of your leave policy.Have a Written PolicyThe first step to preventing employees from taking leaves for dubious reasons is to have a written policy explaining everything about leave benefits, including requirements for leave benefit, criteria for eligibility, circumstances under which employees may be granted leave, and the process of requesting for leave.Ask for Advance NoticeUnless in cases of unforeseeable circumstances, have the employee provide an advance notice about the need to take leave.Even when the circumstances are unforeseeable, the employee should give a notice as soon as practically possible.Ask for DocumentationMany leave laws allow employers to ask for reasonable documentation as proof of the employee’s need for leave.For example, where an employee has taken an extended leave for medical reasons, an employer might ask for certification from a medical practitioner.However, it is good to review your state laws to identify documentation that may have attached restrictions.Prohibit MoonlightingSome employees may take extended medical leave and then spend that time working for themselves or another employer.To prevent this, you might include a clause in your leave policy prohibiting employees from doing other work when they are on medical or family leave, since the condition for the leave is that they are unable to work since they are sick or caring for a sick family member.WRAPPING UPWhile employee absence can have huge impacts on a business, and despite an employer’s best efforts at minimizing the time employees spend away from work, life happens, and it is inevitable that employees will find themselves in circumstances that require them to take some time off work.Knowing the situations when you are required to grant your employees a leave of absence not only helps to keep your employees loyal, happy and productive, it can also keep you from finding yourself and your company facing costly l egal suits for not complying with regulations pertaining to employee leave of absence.

Analysis Of The Movie Emmy - 1504 Words

In my interpretation, Emmy has always been corrupted by colonial fantasies, but according to Wartenberg, the â€Å"attraction these two have for one another has nothing to do with the allure of an exoticized, forbidden Other. Ali and Emmy are simply two people who have managed to open themselves up to one another in the way we call love.† Here, he’s referring to the initial attraction that draws the couple together, which he attributes to their mutual loneliness. To Wartenberg, â€Å"they seem untroubled by the social differences between them,† and later in the film, it is Emmy’s possibility of belonging to the dominant group that builds resentment in their relationship. (178). I see why Wartenberg believes there to be no intrinsic colonial element in their relationship, but this is a superficial interpretation—as I established before, Emmy can demonstrate affection toward Ali while possessing the subconscious desire to dominate him. 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Frederick Douglas A Man And Slave Woman - 1159 Words

Frederick Douglas: Frederick Augustus Washington Bailey was born in February 1818 on the eastern shore of Maryland whose parent were a white man and slave woman by the name of Harriet Bailey. He was name after his mother, Harriet Bailey, but he only saw her a couple of times. At the age eight or nine he was sent to live with family of his slave owner’s in Baltimore, Maryland. By the age of fifteen, Frederick was literate. Around this same time, he went back to his owner to work as a field hand. Disguised as a sailor with a friend’s passport on September 3, 1838, three years after his return to the eastern shore, he got on train from Baltimore and went to New York City where he said I a free man. To avoid being recaptured he changed his name to Frederick Douglass. He went to Massachusetts and spoke about his experiences with slavery and how the country needs to get rid of it. He was soon traveling across the north speaking against slavery. To prove that he was a real fugitive slave he wro te his first autobiography The Narrative of the Life of Fredrick Douglass (1845). In the autobiography, he revealed his original name, his owner’s name, and where he was born, which put Douglass in danger of being returned back into slavery. So he had to flee again and this time he went overseas where he continued to speak against slavery. The British supporters were captivated with his story and they purchased his freedom. Two years after having his freedom purchased, Douglas came back toShow MoreRelatedEssay on Narrative of the Life of Frederick Douglas718 Words   |  3 PagesLife of Frederick Douglas Frederick Douglas, a slave born in Tuckahoe Maryland, was half white and half black. His mother was a black woman and his father a white man. Though he never knew his father, there was word that it was his master. Douglas wrote this narrative and I felt that it was very compelling. 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Ultimately, when a man’s ability surpasses any societal limitations, greed, lust, and pride tempt his morality which usually fails to persist. In his novel, the Narrative of the Life of Frederick Douglass, an American Slave, Frederic k Douglas reminisces on personal experiences as a slave while concurrently investigating the paradoxical nature of Southern slaveholders. He delves into the mystery of a white man’s ability to suppress another human being while remaining completely ignorantRead MorePresident Abraham Lincoln, Frederick Douglas, and Susan B. Anthony1415 Words   |  6 Pagesownership were established for blacks. Many historical figures defended the rights of those marginalized. Among them President Abraham Lincoln, who instituted the abolition of slavery in 1865 and set the basis for reconstruction in 1862, Frederick Douglas, a former slave who spoke for slaves freedom and after emancipation, for the rights of the newly freed, and Susan B. Anthony, a Quaker abolitionist, whom together with others started the suffrage movement. Abraham Lincoln Abraham Lincoln was born

Fredrick Douglass Free Essays

Fredrick Douglass Essay The great civil rights activist Frederick Douglass was born into slavery on a Maryland Eastern Shore plantation in February 1818. His given name, Frederick Augustus Washington Bailey, seemed to portend an unusual life for this son of a field hand and a white man, most likely Douglass’s first master, Captain Aaron Anthony. Perhaps Harriet Bailey gave her son such a distinguished name in the hope that his life would be better than hers. We will write a custom essay sample on Fredrick Douglass or any similar topic only for you Order Now She could scarcely imagine that her son’s life would continue to be a source of interest and inspiration nearly 190 years fter his birth. Indeed, it would be hard to find anyone who more closely embodies this year’s Black History Month theme, â€Å"From Slavery to Freedom: Africans in the Americas. † Like many in the nineteenth-century United States, Frederick Douglass escaped the horrors of slavery to enjoy a life of freedom, but his unique personal drive to achieve Justice for his race led him to devote his life to the abolition of slavery and the movement for black civil rights. His fiery oratory and extraordinary achievements produced a legacy that stretches his influence across the centuries, aking Frederick Douglass a role model for the twenty-first century. One reason Douglass’s story continues to resonate is that his life embodies the American dream of overcoming obstacles and reaching one’s goals. Young Frederick Bailey spent his first twenty years in slavery, first on a Talbot County, Maryland plantation, then in the ship-building city of Baltimore. In the first of three autobiographies, Narrative of the Life of Frederick Douglass, published in 1845, he recounts the adversity of his early life. He rarely saw his mother who worked as a ield hand, had barely enough clothes to cover his body, and had to eat from a trough like a farmyard animal. As he grew old enough to work he passed through a series of masters, some kind and some cruel. The influence of Frederick Douglass reaches beyond his symbolic role as America’s most famous former slave, although in his lifetime moving from slavery to freedom proved a tremendous accomplishment. He continues to be relevant to both history and modern American culture because he moved beyond enjoying freedom to edicate his life to the principle that struggle is necessary to achieve progress. His desire to make his world a more Just place led him to fght for the abolition of slavery and to support social Justice and civil rights for African Americans and women. We would do well to follow his example, and to take inspiration from his famous words that â€Å"It is not light that we need, but fire; it is not the gentle shower, but thunder. We need the storm, the whirlwind, and the earthquake. † Fredrick Douglass By Ishman2941 How to cite Fredrick Douglass, Papers

The James Bond films Essay Example For Students

The James Bond films Essay The James Bond films are the most successful series of films ever made. All of the 19 Bond films are of the Action/Adventure genre containing guns, girls and a main boss. The James Bond films can also be classed in a sub-genre called Bond. All containing guns, girls and a main boss but also gadgets, fast cars, gambling and the drink- Vodka Martini; shaken not stirred as James Bond would say. The target audience for the Bond films is 12-30 year olds. The film appeals to this age group because people of this age are more interested in the fast action; the women and James Bond. We will write a custom essay on The James Bond films specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now (Men want to be him and women want him). Also the fast cars and guns appeal to this age group than to someone who is 60 years old. The World is not Enough is the 19th Bond film to be made. It is about Electra, the daughter or an incredibly rich oil pipeline owner called Sir Robert King. He owns a series of pipelines in Kazachstan. At the beginning of the film Bond retrieves Sir Roberts money, but on his return Sir Robert is assassinated and a chase ensues. Bond is chasing after a female assassin along the River Thames, but after catching up with her she kills herself. Electra is actually working with Renard (Bonds main opponent in the film) to destroy her rivals pipelines. MI6 does not know this so Bond is sent to kill Renard and protect Electra. Bond goes to a nuclear development site and meets another important character of the film, Dr Christmas Jones who is a nuclear scientist. When Bond goes down into the nuclear test facility at the development site he confronts Renard and after a gunfight Renard manages to escape. Afterwards, Electra contacts M and asks for more protection from M herself. When M arrives Bond is sent away to diffuse a bomb and while away Electra kidnaps M. Bond manages to escape the explosion and finds out that Electra is the traitor. M manages to contact 007 and he goes to save her and whilst saving her he kills Electra. Meanwhile, Renard has hijacked a nuclear submarine so Bond heads off to stop him. There he has a final showdown and he kills him. The most action packed part of the film is the opening sequence before the credits. It is always action packed so it grabs the attention of the audience and wets their appetite for the rest of the film, the opening sequence is also a perfect example of the Bond genre. Right at the beginning of The World Is Not Enough you see Bond in a Swiss Bank talking to the manager after retrieving some money for a businessman Robert King, a fight ensues and Bond escapes out of the window and heads back to MI6 Headquarters. Bond gives the money back to King and King leaves. Bond finds magnesium on his fingers meaning theres a bomb with the money but is too late to stop the bomb. A female assassin in a boat then shoots at Bond, she speeds off and Bond gives chase in one of Qs gadget boats. This chase eventually finishes with her killing herself after telling Bond, You could never protect me from him. The opening sequence itself is a perfect example of the Bond genre, using almost all of the conventions defined. Gadgets are used in all of the Bond films and in the opening sequence they are also used. I think gadgets appeals to the target audience because their funny and clever at the same time the intelligence of old man can get MI6s best agent out of even the toughest scrapes. They also have a commercial use in that the Bond car is always a well-known car manufacturer and having your logo on the car is a great advert for the company. .uce114a2d6788e9fab89794392cea4a55 , .uce114a2d6788e9fab89794392cea4a55 .postImageUrl , .uce114a2d6788e9fab89794392cea4a55 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .uce114a2d6788e9fab89794392cea4a55 , .uce114a2d6788e9fab89794392cea4a55:hover , .uce114a2d6788e9fab89794392cea4a55:visited , .uce114a2d6788e9fab89794392cea4a55:active { border:0!important; } .uce114a2d6788e9fab89794392cea4a55 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .uce114a2d6788e9fab89794392cea4a55 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .uce114a2d6788e9fab89794392cea4a55:active , .uce114a2d6788e9fab89794392cea4a55:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .uce114a2d6788e9fab89794392cea4a55 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .uce114a2d6788e9fab89794392cea4a55 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .uce114a2d6788e9fab89794392cea4a55 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .uce114a2d6788e9fab89794392cea4a55 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .uce114a2d6788e9fab89794392cea4a55:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .uce114a2d6788e9fab89794392cea4a55 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .uce114a2d6788e9fab89794392cea4a55 .uce114a2d6788e9fab89794392cea4a55-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .uce114a2d6788e9fab89794392cea4a55:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: The Importance of Mockumentaries EssayMost of the gadgets have a certain familiarity about like the wrist- watch that is always tailor made for that mission Bond is on at the time and the Bond car that is always being upgraded to be even more destructive. There always clichi s involved with the gadgets for example, in the opening sequence when Bond dives under the water in the boat he adjusts his tie, also when he speeds past the traffic wardens and soaks them and we can never forget the Bond car getting destroyed in every film. These clichi s are used for humour as well as familiarity. Clichi s cant only be associated with gadgets they can also be associated with guns and women. The fact that Bond always has his small pistol and his enemies always have huge great guns with far more power than his adds to the humour. An example of this is in the opening sequence, when Bond is facing the female assassin. She has a huge laser sighted machine gun and a grenade launcher and he has his small pistol this is done to make the women look more butch and ruthless. Although at the end of the chase you find out that she is actually very scared and vulnerable, so scared of this man shed rather die than fail her task. The ongoing romance between Moneypenny and Bond is another clichi will they wont they, you never know. Women are used for humour as well, banter between Bond and Moneypenny and at the beginning of the film when a woman in the bank managers office asked to check her figures Bond replies, No, Im sure their perfectly round enough. The music in the Bond films is vital, the Bond theme tune has been in each and every Bond film to date. It is used to create tension and can be changed to for the scene it is used in, it is also changed to create a different type of tension be it humorous, sexual, cheeky or dangerous. There is an example of this in the opening sequence when Bond walks into the Swiss bank you hear the Bond theme being plucked on a guitar, you hear later on as well when Bond jumps out of the window and the music sounds cheeky. The chases/stunts/explosions are used in the opening sequence to really grab the attention of the audience, this convention is solely used in the chase down the River Thames, stunts are used to make Bond look much more daring/brave and basically much cooler. Explosions are used to produce a more realistic effect, I think this helps the audience to believe they really are a part of the film. The Bond films always have a very dangerous big boss baddie, although they are very dangerous they are usually a bit weak, Renard is dying, Dr No is some fat guy who is a cat and Elliot Carver was a geeky wimp. There is always a big baddie so there always something for Bond to go after, a main purpose. The opening sequence of The World is not Enough is a perfect example of the Bond genre, combining guns, girls, gadgets, music and explosions. It is all put together well and really does well to set up the rest of the film.

Free Essays on Success Of A Salesman

In the world of business it is everyone’s dream to become rich, powerful, important, and well liked. Although it is their ultimate goal to attain these characteristics most businessmen have their priorities in order; family and kids come before success, work, and all of the previously mentioned. Yet Willy Loman’s priorities in Arthur Miller’s Death of a Salesman are completely the opposite of what they should be. By having his priorities mixed up Willy drives Biff away from him, turns Happy in to an attention seeking fool, and creates misery for his wife. Sadly, Willy Loman thinks success and fame are more important than his relationships with the members of his family. It is obvious in reading Death of a Salesman that Biff was very important to Willy. That doesn’t mean they weren’t destined to have problems. The main problem was that Willy feels if Biff enjoys his life working on ranches instead of trying to become a business player he is wasting his life. Instead of accepting Biff’s decision to enjoy himself rather than work to become successful Willy takes the childish route and insults Biff every chance he gets. â€Å"Willy: No, you’re no good, you’re no good for anything.† (Death of a Salesman, 1260.) Every time Willy pushes Biff to make something of himself the two grow farther apart. As you know this is generally not good for a family relationship. Sometimes Willy is so focused on Biff’s and his own success both Willy and the readers forget that he has another son. Somewhere along the line Willy became so wrapped up in the potential success of Biff he forgot about poor Happy. Since Happy doesn’t get any attention from anyone he constantly says annoying, outrageous statements all the time just to become noticed by his father. â€Å"Happy: I’m gonna get married. Willy: Keep up the good work. (Changes the subject back to Biff) God†¦remember that Ebbets Field game? The championship of the city?† (Death of a S... Free Essays on Success Of A Salesman Free Essays on Success Of A Salesman In the world of business it is everyone’s dream to become rich, powerful, important, and well liked. Although it is their ultimate goal to attain these characteristics most businessmen have their priorities in order; family and kids come before success, work, and all of the previously mentioned. Yet Willy Loman’s priorities in Arthur Miller’s Death of a Salesman are completely the opposite of what they should be. By having his priorities mixed up Willy drives Biff away from him, turns Happy in to an attention seeking fool, and creates misery for his wife. Sadly, Willy Loman thinks success and fame are more important than his relationships with the members of his family. It is obvious in reading Death of a Salesman that Biff was very important to Willy. That doesn’t mean they weren’t destined to have problems. The main problem was that Willy feels if Biff enjoys his life working on ranches instead of trying to become a business player he is wasting his life. Instead of accepting Biff’s decision to enjoy himself rather than work to become successful Willy takes the childish route and insults Biff every chance he gets. â€Å"Willy: No, you’re no good, you’re no good for anything.† (Death of a Salesman, 1260.) Every time Willy pushes Biff to make something of himself the two grow farther apart. As you know this is generally not good for a family relationship. Sometimes Willy is so focused on Biff’s and his own success both Willy and the readers forget that he has another son. Somewhere along the line Willy became so wrapped up in the potential success of Biff he forgot about poor Happy. Since Happy doesn’t get any attention from anyone he constantly says annoying, outrageous statements all the time just to become noticed by his father. â€Å"Happy: I’m gonna get married. Willy: Keep up the good work. (Changes the subject back to Biff) God†¦remember that Ebbets Field game? The championship of the city?† (Death of a S...

Biography of Wilbur Wright, Aviation Pioneer

Biography of Wilbur Wright, Aviation Pioneer Wilbur Wright (1867-1912) was one half of the aviation pioneering duo known as the Wright Brothers. Together with his brother Orville Wright, Wilbur Wright invented the first airplane to make the first manned and powered flight possible. Wilbur Wrights Early Life Wilbur Wright was born on April 16, 1867, in Millville, Indiana. He was the third child of Bishop Milton Wright and Susan Wright. After his birth, the family moved to Dayton, Ohio. Bishop Wright has in the habit of bringing his sons souvenirs from his church travels. One such souvenir was a whirling top toy, that sparked the Wright Brothers lifelong interest in flying machines. In 1884, Wilbur completed high school and the next year he attended special classes in Greek and trigonometry, however, a hockey accident and his mothers illness and death kept Wilbur Wright from finishing his college education. The Wright Brothers Early Career Ventures   On March 1, 1889, Orville Wright began publishing the short-lived West Side News, a weekly newspaper for West Dayton. Wilbur Wright was the editor and Orville was the printer and publisher. All his life, Wilbur Wright teamed with his brother Orville to develop various businesses and enterprises. Among the Wright Brothers various enterprises were a printing firm and a bicycle shop. Both of these ventures showcased their mechanical aptitude, business sense, and originality. The Pursuit of Flight Wilbur Wright was inspired by the work of German glider Otto Lilienthal, which  led to his desire to fly and his belief that manned flight was possible. Wilbur Wright read everything available on the then-new science of aviation- including all the Smithsonians technical papers on aviation- to study the projects of other aviators. Wilbur Wright thought of a novel solution to the problem of flight, which he described as a simple system that twisted, or warped the wings of a biplane, causing it to roll right and left. Wilbur Wright made history with the first-ever heavier-than-air, manned, powered flight in 1903. Wilbur Wrights Writings In 1901, Wilbur Wrights article, Angle of Incidence, was published in the Aeronautical Journal, and Die Wagerechte Lage Wahrend des Gleitfluges, was published in Ilustrierte Aeronautische Mitteilungen. These were the Wright Brothers first published writings on aviation. The same year, Wilbur Wright gave a speech to the Western Society of Engineers on the Wright Brothers gliding experiments. The Wrights First Flight On December 17, 1903,  Wilbur and Orville Wright made the first free, controlled, and sustained flights in a power-driven, heavier-than-air machine. The first flight was piloted by Orville Wright at 10:35 a.m., the plane stayed twelve seconds in the air and flew 120 feet. Wilbur Wright piloted the longest flight that day in the fourth test, fifty-nine seconds in the air and 852 feet. Wilbur Wrights Death In 1912 Wilbur Wright died after suffering from typhoid fever.